Relevance of the topic. To ensure a normal life and work for a modern person who spends more than 80% of his time indoors, rational physiological and hygienic conditions are necessary for natural and artificial lighting. Therefore, knowledge of the issues considered in the lesson is of great importance for the medical doctor and the head nurse, since non-compliance with hygienic requirements for lighting worsens the hygienic conditions of people staying in inhabited premises (wards, operating rooms, classrooms, children’s educational schools it causes causes functional disturbances in the body, contributes to the development of various diseases, including myopia, rickets, anemia, as well as injuries.
Introductory remarks
The whole life of a modern person, excluding the period of sleep, takes place in conditions of light due to the apparently so-called optical radiation of the Sun and the use of artificial lighting sources. The main property of optical radiation is the ability to cause light sensation as a result of the photochemical process, which begins with the excitation of photosensitizers – the visual pigments of the retina and ends with the generation of electrical impulses. Light gives us up to 85-95% of information from the outside world, allows us to perceive the sizes and shapes of objects, their volume and color, which, according to S. I. Vavilov, is “a necessary condition for the work of the eye, the thinnest , a universal and powerful sensory organ, ”and in the words of the famous physicist Helmholtz,“ … the best gift and wonderful work of nature. ”
Visible light has not only a specific effect on the visual analyzer, but also on the functional state of the central nervous system, and through it on all organs and systems of the body: stimulates its vital activity, enhances metabolism, improves overall well-being and emotional tional state, increases efficiency. Sunlight has pronounced thermal and bactericidal effects, heals the environment: “Where the sun does not look, the doctor often looks there”.
The spectral composition of light also has a psychophysiological effect, which must be taken into account when choosing the coloring of walls, floors, ceilings, and equipment.
Light is an important factor in regulating a person’s day regimen, regulator of daily and seasonal rhythms of his activity, especially relevant in the Far North, for the prevention of the so-called. “seasonal disorder” (SR) syndrome, in which people experience emotional depression, a decline in physical strength, increased appetite and need for sleep.