Higher autonomic centers of the brain

The central regulation of the functions of the autonomic nervous system is carried out with the participation of various parts of the brain. The brain stem contains vital centers such as the respiratory, vasomotor, cardiac centers and   t.   d. The nucleus of the vagus nerve directs their axons to most of DNAs t nal bodies innerviruya both smooth muscle and glands (n and example, salivary). The midbrain provides a sequence of reactions of the act of eating and breathing. The main role of the descending part of the reticular formation of the trunk is an increase in the activity of the nerve centers associated with vegetative functions. The reticular formation exerts on them a tonic effect, providing a high level of their activity. One about temporarily reticular formation is able to regulate the activity of the hypothalamus. Stem monoaminergic system (noradrenergic neurons bluish spots, dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain and serotonergic neurons in the nucleus of the median suture) participates in e getativnom providing emotional states, the series “dream – bodrs t -existence” and the modulation of higher mental functions. Cerebellum, having extensive afferentation from the external environment, is involved in the regulation of veg e -commutative ensure any muscle activity, and contributes to the tivatsii all body reserves to perform muscular work. P about the sallow body is involved in the unconditioned reflex regulation of vegetati a valued functions (. salivation and lacrimation, diaphoresis, etc.) Limbic System – “visceral brain” corrects vegetative support food, sex, and other forms of defensive n of reference, as well as the different emotional states. This correction is performed by modulating the activity of the autonomic nervous B with threads mainly involving the hypothalamus, which is tse n Trom integrating motor, endocrine and emotional reactions Comp complex adaptive behavior center homeostasis and metabolism. The hippocampus and the almond-shaped body are also you with parasympathetic centers that realize their effect through the hypothalamus. The amygdala has neurons, increasing the th boiling activity of the sympathetic nervous system. They are activated by negative emotions. For example, under these conditions decreases armature on -stationary blood flow, increases blood pressure and decreases soderzh and of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Therefore, fear, rage, aggression, which are initiated in the excitation of neurons Mind and levidnogo body, are often the cause of severe pathology se p dechno-vascular system. Thalamus – structure having extensive communication I communication with the somatic nervous system and reticular formation. Inside and thalamic connection enable the integration of complex motor p e shares with vegetative processes.

The cortex can have a direct and indirect effect on the functioning of the internal organs, which is carried out with the participation of the vegetative centers located in different parts of the cortex. Potentially cortex can exercise any influence on the autonomic functions, but Execu s zuet its capabilities in case of emergency. Along with hypothetical and lamusom and other components of the limbic cortex is capable of long-term regulation of the internal organs (through the development of numerous autonomic reflex) that od b Successful adaptation of the organism to new conditions of existence, including when performing accounting, labor and household activities. The ability of the cortex have not only exciting, but also a braking effect on the subcortical vegetative centers enables a person to control their emotions, significantly expanding the boundaries of social and biol about cal adaptation.

local_offerevent_note May 13, 2019

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